PMMA Denture Base Materials: A Review on Mechanical Properties of Conventional and CAD/CAM Milled Materials

• Fathie Kundie

  Department of Dental Technology, College of Medical Technology, Benghazi, Libya,

  Author

• Zainal Arifn Ahmad

  School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

  Author

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been utilized for the construction of dental prostheses, i.e. complete and partial dentures, artificial teeth, obturators, removable orthodontic appliances, provisional crowns, and for the repairing of broken prostheses. For completely edentulous patients, complete dentures (CDs) remain the primary treatment option. Conventional heat-cured PMMA (C-PMMA) is used to fabricate the CDs. However, this method has several disadvantages, such as inadequate mechanical properties, residual monomer content, poor stability, reduction in retention and occlusal accuracy. Recently, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has been utilized for CDs fabrication. Therefore, this review makes a comparison between CAD/CAM PMMA and C-PMMA with regards to their mechanical properties i.e. fracture strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, elastic modulus, impact strength, and hardness. The Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, and Science Direct databases were searched for studies written in English and published between 2013 and 2026. The keywords used were conventional heat-cured PMMA dentures, heat-polymerized PMMA, CAD/CAM PMMA dentures, mechanical properties, and a combination of two or more of them. The search yielded 109 articles. Forty-nine studies have been included in this review. Results showed that the CAD/CAM PMMA dentures show superior mechanical properties compared to the C-PMMA. The use of CAD/CAM PMMA resins could increase denture longevity and improve clinical performance. Additional studies in clinical use are needed to complement these results. Therefore, further studies on the physico-chemical properties are needed to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of these materials

1. Zainal Arifn Ahmad, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

   srzainal@usm.my

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