Assessment of Sepsis Markers in Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Medical Tobruk Center
- Authors
-
-
Munira A Hamad
Faculty of medical Sciences University of Tobruk, Tobruk, LibyaAuthor -
Amane S yousi
Faculty of medical Sciences University of Tobruk, Tobruk, LibyaAuthor
-
- Keywords:
- Neonatal, Sepsis, Mortality, Morbidity, Intensive Care Unit
- Abstract
-
Background: sepsis and septic shock continue to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infant and children worldwide. Objective: To study morbidity and identify the causes of neonatal sepsis among newborn babies. methods: A descriptive case series hospital-based study was conducted from registration files in the neonatal intensive care unit and 123 newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care in Tobruk medical center from January 2024 to November 2025. Result: in our study, the studied cases (n = 123). The findings show a predominance of males (61.0%) compared to females (39.0%), Regarding age the wide range (0.03–15 months) and relatively high standard deviation (2.31) suggest variability in age, but the low median confirms that the majority are clustered in early infancy, Hemoglobin levels showed a mean of 13.0 g/dl, which is generally within the normal and elevated hemoglobin levels among some cases, . The mean CRP level (19.41 mg/dl) with a large standard deviation (28.90) and a wide range (0.17–144.0) reflects considerable variability in inflammatory response. conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of close biochemical monitoring in infants with inflammatory or infectious conditions to prevent complications and guide appropriate management.
- Downloads
-
Download data is not yet available.
- References
-
Abdel-Hakeem GL, Shehata NM, et al .(2019). Cord Blood Interleukin-6 as a Predictor of Early Onset Sepsis in High-Risk Neonates. Annals of Neonatology Journal.1(2):37–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/anj.2019.45813
Aleem S. (2019). When to Include a Lumbar Puncture in the Evaluation for Neonatal Sepsis. Neo Reviews.;20(3):e124–e134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.20-3-e124
Benitz WE, etal (2010)Adjunct Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis. Clin Perinatol.;37(2):421–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2009.12.001
Bizzarro MJ,et al 2005. Seventy-five Years of Neonatal Sepsis at Yale: 1928–2003. Pediatrics. ;116(3):595–602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0552
Born S, et al.(2021).Epidemiology of Sepsis Among Children and Neonates in Germany: Results From an Observational Study Based on Nationwide Diagnosis-Related Groups Data Between 2010 and 2016. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(7):1049–1057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004919
Chen J, et al.2023). Meta-analysis of the Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Neonatal Sepsis. BMC Infect Dis. ;23(1):837. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08800-0
Cortese F, et al.(2016). Early and Late Infections in Newborns: Where Do We Stand? A Review. Pediatr Neonatol.;57(4):265–273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.09.007
Devkota K, Kanodia P,et al .(2024). Sepsis Among Neonates Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA.;62(270):76–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8431
Ershad M, et al . (2019 )Neonatal Sepsis. StatPearls Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40138-019-00188-z
Escobar GJ, et al, (2000). Neonatal Sepsis Workups in Infants ≥2000 Grams at Birth: A Population-Based Study. Pediatrics;106(2):256–263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.2.256
Fernandes ND,et al (2024). Congenital Herpes Simplex..
Fleischmann-S, et al.(2018). The Global Burden of Paediatric and Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review. Lancet Respir Med. ;6(3):223–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30063-8
Fleischer E, Neuman MI, et al.(2019). Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles of Infants ≤60 Days of Age With Bacterial Meningitis. Hosp Pediatr.;9(12):979–982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2019-0202
Gabay C, Kushner I. 1999.Acute-Phase Proteins and Other Systemic Responses to Inflammation. N Engl J Med.;340(6):448–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199902113400607
Gordon A, Isaacs D(.2006). Late-Onset Neonatal Gram-Negative Bacillary Infection in Australia and New Zealand: 1992–2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J.;25(1):25–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000195628.35980.2e
Harrison ML, et al (2024).. Beyond Early- and Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Definitions: What Are the Current Causes of Neonatal Sepsis Globally? Pediatr Infect Dis J;43(12):1182–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004485
Islam K, et al. (2023). 14-Day Antibiotic Therapy for Culture-Positive Neonatal Sepsis. J Trop Pediatr.;69(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmad036
Islam F, Afroze S, et al (2025). Clinical Profile and Immediate Outcomes of Suspected Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Northern International Medical College Journal.;16(1):734–739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v16i1.86520
Jethani S, et al (2022). Diagnostic Utility of Combined Immature and Total Neutrophil Counts Along With C-Reactive Protein in Early Detection of Neonatal Sepsis. Ann Med Surg. ;77:103589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103589
Kariniotaki C, et al.(2025) Neonatal Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel). ;14(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14010006
Kawakita T, 2016. Neonatal Complications Associated With Use of Fetal Scalp Electrode. BJOG.;123(11):1797–1803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13817
Kuzniewicz MW, (2017). A Quantitative, Risk-Based Approach to the Management of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis. JAMA Pediatr.;171(4):365–371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4678
Mainichi W,et al.(2022). Role of Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis. BMC Pediatr.;22:41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03471-3
Mirza S A, (2018). Electrolyte Abnormalities in Neonates With Probable and Culture-Proven Sepsis and Its Association With Neonatal Mortality. Coll Physicians Surg Pak. ;28(3):206–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2018.03.206
Molla A, Albadrani M.(2024). Prevalence and Species Distribution of Neonatal Candidiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diseases.;12(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12070154
Nordberg V, et al.(2021). A Decade of Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. ;40(9):1803–1813. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04211-8
Patel U, Patel VK, et al. (2014).To Evaluate C-Reactive Protein and Other Hematological Parameters for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis. Int J Med Res Rev. ;2(4):311–318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr.2014.i04.09
Pong A, Bradley JS.(1999). Bacterial Meningitis and the Newborn Infant. Infect Dis Clin North Am.;13(3):711–733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70102-1
Póvoa P, et al .(2005). C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Infection in Critically Ill Patients. Clin Microbiol Infect.;11(2):101–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01044.x
Puopolo KM, et al .(2018). Management of Neonates Born at ≤34 6/7 Weeks' Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis. Pediatrics.;142(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610023047-part05-management_of_neonates
Puopolo KM, et al (2018). Management of Neonates Born at ≥35 0/7 Weeks' Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis. Pediatrics. ;142(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610023047-part05-management
Puopolo KM, et al .(2019) Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease. Pediatrics. ;144(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2350
Rohatgi S, et al (2017).. Seven Versus 10 Days Antibiotic Therapy for Culture-Proven Neonatal Sepsis. J Paediatr Child Health. ;53(6):556–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13518
Rozycki HJ, et al( 1987).. Impaired Sensitivity of a Single Early Leukocyte Count in Screening for Neonatal Sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. ;6(5):440–442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198705000-00004
Sediqi MS.(2023). Prevalence of Pediatric Sepsis in Hospitalized Children of Maiwand Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. BMC Pediatr. ;23(1):1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04318-1
Shane AL, (2017). Neonatal Sepsis. Lancet. ;390(10104):1770–1780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31002-4
Shane AL, Stoll BJ.(2013). Recent Developments and Current Issues in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Bacterial and Fungal Neonatal Sepsis. Am J Perinatol. ;30(2):131–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1333413
Simonsen KA, (2014). Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis. Clin Microbiol Rev.;27(1):21–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00031-13
Stoll BJ, Han, et al.(2010). Neonatal Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants From the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics;126(3):443–456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2959
Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, et al.(2011). Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis: The Burden of Group B Streptococcal and E. coli Disease Continues. Pediatrics.;127(5):817–826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2217
Stoll BJ, Puopolo KM,, et al.(2020). Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis 2015–2017, the Rise of Escherichia coli, and the Need for Novel Prevention Strategies. JAMA Pediatr. ;174(7):e200593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0593
Sullins AK, Abdel-Rahman SM(.2013). Pharmacokinetics of Antibacterial Agents in the CSF of Children and Adolescents. Paediatr Drugs. ;15(2):93–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0017-5
True H, Blanton M,et al .(2022). Monocytes and Macrophages in Pregnancy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Immunol Rev. ;308(1):77–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13080
Van Dyke MK, et al.(2009). Evaluation of Universal Antenatal Screening for Group B Streptococcus. N Engl J Med. ;360(25):2626–2636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806820
Visser VE, Hall RT. (1979) Urine Culture in the Evaluation of Suspected Neonatal Sepsis. J Pediatr. ;94(4):635–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(79)80040-2
Wynn JL, Wong HR.2010. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Septic Shock in Neonates. Clin Perinatol. ;37(2):439–479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2010.04.002
Yu YQ, et al .( 2022). Etiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis From Data of 30 Years. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.;35(25):7541–7550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1951217
Zidan A, et al.2022. Epidemiology of Bacterial Infections in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Zagazig University.;88(1):3452–3456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2022.248783
- Downloads
- Published
- 2026-05-24
- Issue
- Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
- Section
- Original Articles
- License
-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Amani S Yousif, Munira A Hamad, Ebtesam S Abd-Alrazeq, The Status of Vitamin D, Hemoglobin Level, ABO Blood Groups and Helicobacter pylori Infection among Patients in Tobruk, Libya , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Similar Articles
- Heba Salama, Effectiveness of Speech Language Pathology Interventions in Managing Hypokinetic Dysarthria in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
- Taweda Abdelraouf Akrim, Maternal Knowledge of Prenatal Screening and Down Syndrome among Pregnant Women in Eastern Libya: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study University , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
- Tawfg Omar Abdlmola , Ali Guma Azbida , A Cross- Sectional study of Admitted Neonates for Therapy with Jaundice Through the year 2019 as a Result of ABO Incompatibility at Tarhuna Educational Hospital , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
- Aeshah A. Altayf, Asad Ammarah Meatooq, Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Patients Attending Oral Surgery Clinics: A Clinical Evaluation , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024)
- Adam Abubaker Mussa Jummh Abubaker Mussa Jummh , MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COMPUTER KEYBOARDS IN EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES: A STUDY FROM AL-HIGHER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / TAMAZAWA – AL-SHATI , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
- Nesreen Hossen, Yasmin Younas Sulayman , Khadeejah M.A. AL-Khurum, Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents in Tobruk City, Libya , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
- Abdelkader Alrabai, U-Net Based approach for Brain Tumor Segmentation , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
- Hamdi Lemamsha , Gurch Randhawa, Retaj Najem, Retaaj Almabrouk, Amira Edries, Eman Abdalla, Amani Sulemen , Impact of Diet and Lifestyle Modification on Obesity and Thyroid Symptom Severity in Adults with Hypothyroidism in Tobruk: A six -Month Pre–Post Study , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
- Ahmed Aref Ahmed Abuhajar , Comparative Study on the Effects of Orthodontic Treatments in Patients at Donia AL-Asnan Al-Qarboly Dental Center , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
- Osama Muftah Alsheikhi, Imhemmid Eljazwi, Prevalence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Diabetics Treated at Sedi-Hussein Specialized Clinic , Derna Academy Journal for Applied Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.



